Vietnam

• Vietnamese = 83.2%
• Cantonese = 8.6%
• English = 5.2%
• Other = 1.4%
• Mandarin = 0.8%

• Land = 313,429 sq. km
• Forest = 148,708 sq. km
• Water = 21,140 sq. km

In 2024, Vietnam’s climate has continued to follow its tropical monsoon patterns, showing distinct regional variations. The north features a humid subtropical climate with cooler winters and hot, rainy summers, while the central region is more arid and typhoon-prone. The south maintains a hot, humid tropical climate with a dry season from December to April and a wet season from May to November. Average annual temperatures range from 22–27°C (72–81°F), with peaks exceeding 30°C (86°F) in summer. The south has experienced above-average rainfall due to active monsoons, while the north faced occasional winter cold snaps. Climate change has intensified extremes, impacting agriculture and contributing to urban heat stress, with warmer-than-average conditions reported throughout the year.

Agricultural land (2023)

• Arable Land = 67,285 sq km
• Permanent Crops = 48,700 sq km

• Kinh (Viet): 85.32%
• Tay: 1.92%
• Thai: 1.89%
• Muong: 1.51%
• Hmong (Mong): 1.45%
• Khmer: 1.32%
• Nung: 1.13%
• Dao: 0.93%
• Hoa (Chinese): 0.78%
• Other groups (including Jarai, Cham, and smaller minorities): Approximately 3.75% combined

• No Religious Affiliation: 86.3%
• Catholic: 6.1%
• Buddhist: 4.8%
• Protestant: 1.0%
• Buddhist Hoa Hao: 1.0%
• Cao Dai: 0.6%
• Other: 0.2%

• 105,758,975
• 0.89% (annual growth rate)
• Male = 53,109,175
• Female = 52,649,800

• $476.3 B
• 7.1% (GDP annual growth rate)

• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing = 42.36%
• Industrial = 37.64%
• Services = 11.86%

• Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing = 26.5%
• Industrial = 33.4%
• Services = 40.1%

3.62%

In 2024, Vietnam’s agricultural sector demonstrated impressive resilience, achieving a growth rate of 3.27% despite challenges from Typhoon Yagi, which caused flooding and crop damage in northern regions. The sector contributed approximately 9,312 billion VND (around $370 billion USD) to the national economy, with a grain output of 324,500 tons. This success underscores Vietnam’s evolution into a global agricultural leader, with annual agro-forestry-fishery exports exceeding $60 billion. In 2024, exports rose 18.5% to a record $62.4 billion, reaching 190 countries and making Vietnam the second-largest exporter of rice and coffee worldwide. Nevertheless, challenges like geopolitical tensions and climate issues persist, prompting government policies to safeguard production and promote sustainable practices.

In 2024, Vietnam managed its natural resources to support economic development and environmental sustainability. Key updates included a new Law on Geology and Minerals and increased conservation efforts for forests and water resources. Despite abundant critical minerals and water supplies, challenges like deforestation, water pollution, and climate change remained. The government’s commitment to net-zero emissions by 2050 highlighted a shift toward green development and responsible resource use.

In 2024, Vietnam achieved record total trade revenue of US$786.29 billion, reflecting a 15.4% increase from 2023, and marking its ninth consecutive year of trade surplus at US$24.77 billion. Exports reached US$405.53 billion (up 14.3%), while imports grew by 16.7% to US$380.76 billion. The strong performance was driven by the foreign-invested sector, which had a surplus of $42.39 billion, compared to a $22.83 billion deficit in the domestic sector. Key trading partners included China (US$204 billion), the United States (US$134.6 billion), and South Korea (US$81.7 billion). Vietnam’s engagement in 17 Free Trade Agreements has further enhanced its global trade presence, despite facing challenges from global economic uncertainties.

Top Imported Products (2023)

• Integrated Circuits = $35.9B
• Telephones = $16.9B
• Refined Petroleum = $5.89B

• China = $135B
• Singapore = $16.4B
• Japan = $16B

• Corn = $2.58B
• Soybean Meal = $2.2B
• Coconuts, Brazil Nuts, and Cashews = $1.48B
• Wheat = $1.29B

Top Exported Products (2023)

• Telephones = $89B
• Integrated Circuits = $32.4B
• Computers = $17.7B

Top Export Partners (2023)

• United States = $118B
• China = $85.7B
• Japan = $25.1B

Top Agricultural Exports (2023)

• Rice = $3.88B
• Coffee = $3.13B
• Coconuts, Brazil Nuts, and Cashews = $ 2.8B