Singapore

Malay = 14%
Mandarin Chinese = 35%
Tamil = 3%
English = 48%

Land Area = 735.7 km2
Forest Area = 112.58 km2
Water Area = 10 km2

Singapore enjoys a consistently warm climate throughout the year, with average daily temperatures ranging from 32°C during the day and 25°C at night in December and January, to 33°C and 26°C for the rest of the year. The long-term mean temperature is reported at 27.8°C, with February often being the hottest month and January the coolest. High humidity and frequent rainfall, particularly during the two monsoon seasons (Northeast from December to early March and Southwest from June to September), characterize the weather, leading to regular afternoon thunderstorms. Singapore has seen a warming trend due to climate change, with temperatures rising approximately 0.24°C per decade from 1984 to 2023. The city-state is actively working on measures to address the impacts of climate change, including rising temperatures and sea levels.

Agricultural land (2022)

• Arable land = 0.78%
• Permanent crops = 0.14%

Chinese = 74%
Malays = 13.50%
Indians = 9%
Others = 3.40%

Buddhist = 26%
Muslim = 18%
Christian = 17%
Hindu = 8%
Taoism/Confucianism = 6%
Others = 4%
No religion = 22%

Total = 6,036,860
Female = 2,932,998
Male = 3,103,862

US$ 547.39 Billion
4.4% (GDP growth)

Agriculture = 0.03%
Industry = 21.50%
Services = 70%

Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries = 0.09%
Industry = 85.52%
Services = 14.39%

In 2023, Singapore’s agricultural workforce made up only 0.09% of total employment, the lowest in Asia, compared to an average of 21.98% across 46 countries. Despite this, the agri-food sector is crucial for food security, providing essentials like eggs, seafood, and vegetables, as well as export items like orchids. To enhance food resilience, Singapore is focusing on high-tech farming and agritech innovations, creating new job opportunities. Agritech specialists under the Career Conversion Programme can earn at least $2,500 monthly. However, local vegetable and seafood production saw a decline in 2023 due to construction issues and inflation, despite an increase in vegetable farms.

According to the Economic Survey of Singapore 2024, inflation is 2.4%, compared to 4.8% in 2023.

Agricultural Products
According to Singapore Food Statistics 2024, local food production in Singapore showed mixed trends. Hen shell egg production increased by 13%, accounting for 34.4% of all consumed eggs, up from 31.9% in 2023, thanks to farm upgrades and improved efficiency. In contrast, local vegetable production declined by 3%, now comprising only 3% of consumed vegetables, even as productivity rose slightly from 227.2 to 231.4 tons per hectare. The seafood sector suffered a significant 14% drop in local production due to the restructuring of farms, contributing only 6.1% to total food consumption, down from 7.3% in 2023, despite a slight productivity increase from 38.6 to 40.7 tons per hectare. Overall, local food accounted for less than 10% of Singapore’s total demand, with a combined value of US$ 181 million for seafood, vegetables, and hen shell eggs. Singapore also continues to excel in non-food agriculture, such as orchids and ornamental fish, and is promoting alternative protein sources like plant-based and cultured meat.

Singapore relies heavily on natural gas for energy, generating about 95% of its electricity from this source, all of which is imported due to the absence of domestic reserves. The country is transitioning to cleaner energy alternatives, focusing on solar energy, regional power grids, and low-carbon technologies, though investment in renewables has been limited by high initial costs. Geographically constrained, Singapore is engaged in land reclamation and implements advanced water management techniques, relying on catchment, desalination, and NEWater for freshwater needs. In 2021, natural resource rents were a mere 0.00018% of GDP, reflecting the scarcity of extractable resources. To address these challenges, Singapore aims to leverage its strategic location and advanced infrastructure to become a global hub for agri-commodities, metals, and minerals while investing in the Singapore Green Plan 2030 and collaborating on international climate solutions.

In 2024, Singapore’s total merchandise trade demonstrated a significant rebound, reaching US$1 trillion, which represented a 6.6% increase over 2023 following a contraction in the previous year. Notably, both exports and imports grew by 5.7% and 7.8% respectively, while non-oil trade increased by 8.3%. However, oil trade faced a decline during the year. Total goods and services trade with the U.S. alone reached an estimated $146.0 billion, marking a 7.9% increase from the previous year. Singapore’s top trading partners in 2024 included Mainland China, Malaysia, and the U.S.

Top Imported Products (2023)

• Integrated Circuits = $75.7B
• Refined Petroleum = $55.3B
• Crude Petroleum = $30.3B

Top Import Partners (2023)

• China = $65.1B
• Malaysia = $47.6B
• United States = $42.5B

Top Agricultural Imports (2023)

• Hard Liquor = $1.77B
• Wine = $917M
• Rolled Tobacco = $471M

Top Exported Products (2023)

• Integrated Circuits = $66.6B
• Refined Petroleum = $59B
• Machines and apparatus of a kind used solely or principally for the manufacture of semiconductor boules or wafers, semiconductor devices, electronic integrated circuits or flat panel displays = $16.8B

Top Export Partners (2023)

• Hong Kong = $44B
• China = $41.1B
• Malaysia = $32.7B

Top Agricultural Exports (2023)

• Palm Oil = $128M
• Margarine = $104M
• Rice = $66.6M