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The 2026 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report shifts the global conversation from producing more food to making healthy diets affordable for everyone and the implications for ASEAN could not be more urgent.
People undernourished worldwide in 2025 — 7.8% of the global population
People experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity globally
People who cannot afford a healthy diet — 32.7% of the world
AFNR Knowledge Platform
SEARCA
Published
29/07/2026
Implications for Action: Integrate nutrition objectives and indicators into agricultural planning, investment, and monitoring frameworks.
Implications for Action: Scale climate-smart agriculture, sustainable natural resource management, early warning systems, and risk financing mechanisms.
Implications for Action: Invest in digital infrastructure, interoperable agricultural data platforms, precision agriculture, and digital advisory services.
Implications for Action: Enhance ASEAN collaboration on food reserves, agricultural statistics, food safety standards, transboundary pest management, and knowledge sharing.
Implications for Action: Strengthen science–policy–practice interfaces through institutions such as SEARCA to ensure evidence-based decision-making and regional learning.
D
espite encouraging signs of recovery, the world remains far from achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)
2: Zero Hunger. The 2026 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI 2026) reports that global hunger declined for the third consecutive year in 2025. Nevertheless, approximately 645 million people (7.8% of the global population) remain undernourished, while 2.1 billion people continue to experience moderate or severe food insecurity. Even more alarming, 2.69 billion people cannot afford a healthy diet, highlighting that food security today extends beyond producing sufficient food to ensuring equitable access to nutritious, safe, and affordable diets (FAO et al. 2026).
For Southeast Asia, these findings present both opportunities and urgent challenges. The region has made remarkable gains in reducing poverty and increasing agricultural productivity over the past two decades. Yet climate change, biodiversity loss, land degradation, increasing food prices, urbanization, changing dietary patterns, and persistent inequalities continue to threaten food and nutrition security. The region also faces the triple burden of malnutrition, where undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, and obesity coexist within the same countries, and sometimes within the same households.
SOFI 2026 argues that reducing hunger alone is insufficient. Governments must transform agrifood systems to make healthy diets more affordable while simultaneously increasing the resilience, sustainability, and inclusiveness of food production. This requires coordinated investments in climate-smart agriculture, digital technologies, nutrition-sensitive policies, research and innovation, regional trade, and social protection (FAO et al. 2026).
As Southeast Asia’s center of excellence in agriculture, natural resources, and rural development, the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) is well positioned to support this transformation. Through evidence-based research, science-policy engagement, capacity building, digital innovation, youth development, and regional knowledge sharing, SEARCA can help ASEAN Member States build resilient agrifood systems that ensure food security, improve nutrition, and advance sustainable development.
The central message of SOFI 2026 is clear: food security can no longer be measured solely by calories produced or hunger reduced. The ultimate goal is ensuring that every person has access to affordable, healthy, safe, and sustainable diets.
The world is entering a new era of food security. For decades, policy discussions largely focused on increasing agricultural production to feed a growing global population. While boosting production remains essential, today’s food security challenges have become significantly more complex. Climate change, geopolitical conflicts, economic instability, biodiversity loss, supply chain disruptions, and rising food prices increasingly determine whether food is available, affordable, nutritious, and accessible.
Recognizing these emerging realities, the 2026 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI 2026) shifts the global conversation from simply producing more food toward making healthy diets affordable for everyone (FAO et al. 2026). The report emphasizes that food security and nutrition must be addressed simultaneously through agrifood systems that are productive, resilient, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable.
Published annually by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO), SOFI is widely regarded as the world’s most authoritative assessment of progress toward SDG 2.
The 2026 report arrives at a pivotal moment. Although global hunger has declined for three consecutive years following the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the global food price crisis, progress remains fragile. Current projections indicate that more than 500 million people may still experience chronic hunger by 2030, suggesting that the world is unlikely to achieve Zero Hunger without substantially accelerating investments and policy reforms (Reuters 2026; AP News 2026).
One of SOFI 2026’s most significant contributions is its emphasis on the affordability of healthy diets. Previous food security strategies often prioritized increasing staple crop production to ensure caloric sufficiency. However, the report demonstrates that diets rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy products, fish, and other nutrient-dense foods remain financially inaccessible for billions of people. Consequently, many households consume sufficient calories but continue to suffer from micronutrient deficiencies, poor dietary quality, obesity, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (FAO et al. 2026).
This challenge is particularly relevant for Southeast Asia. While many ASEAN Member States have substantially reduced hunger and poverty, several continue to grapple with child stunting, micronutrient deficiencies, rising obesity, and increasing dependence on imported food commodities. Climate-induced disasters, including floods, droughts, typhoons, and saltwater intrusion, further threaten agricultural productivity and food availability.
For Southeast Asia, SOFI 2026 is therefore more than a global monitoring report; it is a call to transform agrifood systems through stronger regional cooperation, science-based policymaking, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, and climate resilience.
The 2026 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World (SOFI 2026) presents a cautiously optimistic picture of global food security. For the third consecutive year, global hunger declined, reflecting gradual recovery from the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, economic downturns, and the global food price crisis. Yet the report cautions that current progress remains far too slow to achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: Zero Hunger by 2030. More importantly, SOFI 2026 argues that the global food security agenda must move beyond increasing food production toward ensuring that everyone has access to healthy, affordable, and sustainable diets (FAO et al. 2026).
Key Regional Highlights
14%
of Southeast Asia's population continues to experience food insecurity, despite sustained economic growth and improvements in agricultural productivity (FAO 2025).
228M
people across ASEAN, roughly one in every three residents, cannot afford a healthy diet, highlighting that food affordability has become one of the region's most pressing food security challenges (FAO 2025).
6.4%
The Asia-Pacific region reduced the prevalence of undernourishment to this figure in 2024, equivalent to approximately 25 million fewer hungry people than the previous year (FAO et al. 2025).
~40%
The region still accounts for nearly this share of the world's undernourished population, indicating that progress remains uneven (FAO et al. 2025).
3×
Southeast Asia continues to experience the triple burden of malnutrition, where child stunting and micronutrient deficiencies coexist with rapidly increasing rates of overweight, obesity, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases (FAO et al. 2025; UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank 2025).
2026–30
ASEAN has responded by prioritizing food and nutrition security, climate resilience, digital transformation, and sustainable agriculture under the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (FAF-SP) 2026–2030 (ASEAN 2025).
Climate change is becoming a major driver of food insecurity in the region. More frequent floods, droughts, typhoons, sea-level rise, and saltwater intrusion are threatening agricultural productivity, fisheries, and rural livelihoods, particularly among smallholder farmers (ADB 2023).
SOFI 2026 estimates that 645 million people, or 7.8% of the world's population, experienced chronic hunger in 2025. This represents a decline from 8.1% in 2024 and 8.6% in 2022, equivalent to approximately 43 million fewer hungry people over the past three years (FAO et al. 2026).
Asia continued to drive much of the global improvement. According to the Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2025, approximately 25 million people in Asia and the Pacific escaped hunger in 2024, reducing the regional prevalence of undernourishment to 6.4%, down from 7.0% in 2023. Despite this progress, the region still accounts for nearly 40% of the world's hungry population, with almost 80% of those affected living in Southern Asia (FAO et al. 2025).
Within Southeast Asia, progress has likewise been encouraging but uneven. While several ASEAN Member States have substantially reduced hunger through economic growth, agricultural modernization, and expanded social protection programs, food insecurity remains persistent among vulnerable populations, particularly in rural and climate-exposed communities.
SOFI distinguishes hunger from broader food insecurity. Approximately 2.1 billion people continue to experience moderate or severe food insecurity, meaning they lack regular access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food (FAO et al. 2026).
Although Asia has one of the lowest regional prevalence rates of moderate or severe food insecurity (20.3%), the absolute number of affected people remains substantial because of the region's large population (FAO et al. 2026).
For Southeast Asia, food insecurity is increasingly associated with income inequality, climate-related disasters, and disruptions in food supply chains rather than insufficient food production alone. During the 47th ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) Meeting, ASEAN acknowledged that approximately 14% of Southeast Asia's population continues to experience food insecurity, emphasizing the need for stronger regional action to ensure equitable access to nutritious food (FAO 2025).
Perhaps the report's most important finding is that 2.69 billion people 32.7% of the global population cannot afford a healthy diet, despite improvements in food production and economic recovery. In 2025, the average global cost of a healthy diet increased to PPP $4.28 per person per day, reflecting persistent structural inefficiencies across agrifood value chains (FAO et al. 2026).
The challenge is equally significant in Southeast Asia. According to FAO, approximately 228 million people in ASEAN roughly one in every three residents cannot afford a healthy diet (FAO 2025). The affordability gap is driven not only by household income constraints but also by high post-harvest losses, weak cold chain infrastructure, fragmented food supply chains, and limited access to diverse and nutritious foods. These findings reinforce SOFI's central argument that improving food security requires transforming agrifood systems rather than simply increasing staple crop production.
SOFI 2026 highlights the growing coexistence of undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies, overweight, and obesity. While child stunting has continued to decline gradually, progress remains insufficient to meet the 2030 global nutrition targets. At the same time, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases continue to increase across all regions (FAO et al. 2026).
Continued to decline over the past two decades, but rates remain above global nutrition targets in many countries (FAO et al. 2025).
Anaemia among women of reproductive age continues to be a major public health concern (FAO et al. 2025).
Rising rapidly because of changing dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyles, and increased consumption of processed foods (FAO et al. 2025).
These trends are also evident across Southeast Asia. The Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2025 reports that although child stunting has declined over the past two decades, rates remain above global nutrition targets in many countries. Anaemia among women of reproductive age continues to be a major public health concern, while overweight and obesity are rising rapidly because of changing dietary patterns, sedentary lifestyles, and increased consumption of processed foods (FAO et al. 2025).
The report warns that climate extremes, geopolitical conflicts, and trade disruptions could reverse recent gains. Rising energy prices continue to increase fertilizer, transportation, and food production costs, while extreme weather events reduce agricultural productivity and disrupt food supply chains. IFAD estimates that prolonged geopolitical disruptions could push an additional 9–18 million people into hunger (FAO et al. 2026).
For Southeast Asia, these risks are particularly acute. The region is highly exposed to typhoons, droughts, floods, sea-level rise, and saltwater intrusion, all of which threaten rice production, fisheries, and rural livelihoods. Climate change therefore poses not only an environmental challenge but also a significant threat to regional food and nutrition security by reducing agricultural productivity, disrupting livelihoods, and hindering progress toward food security and poverty reduction across Asia and the Pacific (ADB 2024).
Taken together, the findings of SOFI 2026 point to a fundamental conclusion: ending hunger requires transforming agrifood systems, not merely increasing agricultural production. The report calls for integrated investments in climate-smart agriculture, diversified food production, nutrition-sensitive value chains, resilient infrastructure, digital technologies, agricultural research and innovation, social protection, and reduced food loss and waste (FAO et al. 2026).
For Southeast Asia, these priorities strongly align with the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (FAF-SP) 2026–2030, which identifies food and nutrition security, climate resilience, sustainable agriculture, digital transformation, innovation, and regional cooperation as strategic priorities for achieving a resilient and sustainable agrifood sector (ASEAN 2025).
The evidence therefore suggests that Southeast Asia possesses both the policy frameworks and institutional mechanisms needed to accelerate agrifood systems transformation. The challenge now lies in translating regional commitments into coordinated national actions that improve livelihoods, nutrition, and resilience.
Southeast Asia has made remarkable progress in reducing poverty and improving food availability over the past three decades. Agricultural modernization, regional economic integration, and investments in rural development have substantially increased food production and reduced undernourishment across many ASEAN Member States. However, the findings of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2026 (SOFI 2026) indicate that the region is entering a new phase of food security challenges one that extends beyond food availability to ensuring equitable access to affordable, healthy, safe, and sustainable diets (FAO et al. 2026).
The challenge is reflected in the region's nutrition profile. Although hunger has generally declined, malnutrition persists in multiple forms. Child stunting and micronutrient deficiencies continue to affect millions of children and women, while overweight, obesity, and diet-related noncommunicable diseases are increasing rapidly due to changing dietary patterns, urbanization, and the growing consumption of highly processed foods (UNICEF, WHO, and World Bank 2025).
Climate change further compounds these challenges. Southeast Asia is among the world's most climate-vulnerable regions, with increasing frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, tropical cyclones, sea-level rise, and salinity intrusion threatening agricultural production, fisheries, and rural livelihoods (ADB 2023). Rice-based production systems particularly in the Mekong Delta and major rice-growing areas of Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam face increasing production risks that could undermine regional food supplies.
Food affordability has also emerged as a defining challenge. SOFI 2026 estimates that 2.69 billion people globally cannot afford a healthy diet (FAO et al. 2026). This finding resonates strongly in Southeast Asia. During the 47th ASEAN Ministers on Agriculture and Forestry (AMAF) Meeting, ASEAN acknowledged that approximately 14% of the region's population continues to experience food insecurity, while 228 million people roughly one-third of Southeast Asia's population cannot afford a healthy diet (FAO 2025). These figures demonstrate that economic growth alone does not guarantee nutritional security and underscore the need for policies that improve both food availability and diet quality.
Recognizing these emerging challenges, ASEAN adopted the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (FAF-SP) 2026–2030, which operationalizes the ASEAN Vision toward 2045. The Plan identifies six strategic priorities: (1) promoting sustainable and regenerative agriculture; (2) enhancing climate resilience; (3) strengthening food and nutrition security; (4) improving market connectivity and competitiveness; (5) fostering innovation, partnerships, and digital transformation; and (6) advancing sustainable forest management (ASEAN 2025).
The priorities articulated in SOFI 2026 closely complement ASEAN's regional agenda. Both call for transforming agrifood systems to become more resilient, inclusive, nutrition-sensitive, and environmentally sustainable. This alignment presents an unprecedented opportunity for regional institutions, governments, research organizations, and development partners to work together toward achieving SDG 2 while strengthening resilience against future shocks.
The findings of SOFI 2026 and the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (2026–2030) point to several policy priorities that should guide Southeast Asia's agrifood systems transformation.
5.1
National agricultural policies should evolve beyond maximizing staple crop production toward ensuring access to diverse, nutritious, and affordable diets. Investments should support horticulture, livestock, fisheries, legumes, and biofortified crops while strengthening local food value chains that improve the availability and affordability of healthy foods (FAO et al. 2026).
5.2
Climate adaptation must become central to agricultural development. Governments should expand investments in climate-smart agriculture, sustainable water management, stress-tolerant crop varieties, agroforestry, nature-based solutions, and ecosystem restoration. These interventions are consistent with both the ASEAN FAF-SP 2026–2030 and the FAO Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific, which identifies resilience as a regional priority (ASEAN 2025; FAO 2026).
5.3
Digital technologies are transforming food systems. ASEAN governments should invest in broadband infrastructure, digital extension services, artificial intelligence, precision agriculture, remote sensing, digital marketplaces, and interoperable agricultural data systems. Digital innovations can improve productivity, reduce transaction costs, enhance climate adaptation, and strengthen food system resilience.
5.4
Food security increasingly requires regional solutions. ASEAN should deepen collaboration on food reserves, harmonized food safety standards, transboundary pest and disease management, agricultural statistics, digital interoperability, and climate information systems. Strengthening regional governance will improve preparedness for future food system shocks while enhancing market stability.
5.5
Innovation remains the cornerstone of sustainable agricultural transformation. Governments should increase investments in agricultural research, biotechnology, digital innovation, extension services, higher education, and youth entrepreneurship. Science-policy partnerships should be strengthened to ensure that research findings inform national and regional policy decisions.
5.5
Perhaps the most important lesson from SOFI 2026 is that food security can no longer be addressed by agricultural ministries alone. Governments should adopt integrated food systems approaches that connect agriculture, nutrition, health, education, environment, trade, and social protection. Such whole-of-government approaches are increasingly recognized as essential for achieving SDG 2 and the broader Sustainable Development Goals.
The recommendations of SOFI 2026 closely align with SEARCA's mandate of advancing agricultural and rural development through research, graduate education, capacity building, knowledge management, and policy advocacy. As Southeast Asia's regional center of excellence, SEARCA can serve as a catalyst for agrifood systems transformation by bridging science, policy, and practice.
SEARCA can strengthen evidence-based policymaking by producing policy-oriented research on food systems transformation, climate resilience, nutrition-sensitive agriculture, digital agriculture, and agricultural innovation. Through policy briefs, foresight studies, impact assessments, and regional dialogues, the Center can help governments translate scientific evidence into practical policy solutions.
One of SEARCA's comparative advantages lies in convening researchers, policymakers, development organizations, farmers, and the private sector. Through initiatives such as the Consortium for Agricultural Policy Research Initiatives (CAPRI), the Center can facilitate regional policy learning, support science-informed decision-making, and strengthen collaboration across ASEAN.
SEARCA's work on climate-smart agriculture, regenerative farming, biodiversity conservation, and the School-plus-Home Gardens cum Biodiversity Enhancement Enterprise (SHGBEE) model demonstrates how agricultural innovations can simultaneously improve productivity, nutrition, environmental sustainability, and rural livelihoods. Scaling these innovations throughout Southeast Asia would directly support ASEAN's priorities on food and nutrition security.
Digital transformation represents one of SEARCA's strongest strategic opportunities. Through the SEARCA Knowledge Platform, the Southeast Asian Agricultural Statistics Database (SAASD), and research on digital agriculture, SEARCA can support governments in strengthening agricultural data systems, digital governance, interoperability, artificial intelligence applications, and precision agriculture. These initiatives can improve evidence-based planning while enhancing regional cooperation.
Achieving food security requires investments in people. SEARCA's graduate scholarships, leadership development programs, youth initiatives, and professional training contribute directly to developing the next generation of agricultural scientists, innovators, extension professionals, and policymakers. Particular emphasis should be placed on empowering women, youth, and young agripreneurs as drivers of agricultural transformation.
Agrifood systems challenges transcend national borders. Through regional conferences, policy dialogues, communities of practice, and knowledge-sharing platforms, SEARCA can facilitate the exchange of best practices among ASEAN Member States. These platforms can accelerate the adoption of successful innovations while supporting the implementation of the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (2026–2030).
Reliable, harmonized, and timely data are fundamental to effective policymaking. SEARCA's ongoing development of the Southeast Asian Agricultural Statistics Database (SAASD) offers an opportunity to establish a regional platform for monitoring agricultural transformation, climate resilience, food security, nutrition, and SDG indicators. Such a platform would complement ASEAN's efforts to strengthen evidence-based regional governance and enable more targeted policy interventions.
Ultimately, SEARCA's greatest contribution lies in operationalizing agrifood systems transformation. By generating evidence, strengthening science-policy interfaces, empowering communities, fostering innovation, and promoting regional collaboration, the Center can help ASEAN Member States translate the aspirations of SOFI 2026, the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (2026–2030), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development into tangible improvements in food security, nutrition, resilience, and rural prosperity.
The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2026 (SOFI 2026) sends a powerful message to policymakers: ending hunger is no longer sufficient. The challenge for the coming decade is to transform agrifood systems so that they deliver healthy, affordable, safe, and sustainable diets while remaining resilient to climate change, economic shocks, and emerging global crises (FAO et al. 2026).
Although global hunger has declined for three consecutive years, progress remains too slow to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) by 2030. Approximately 645 million people remain undernourished, 2.1 billion people continue to experience moderate or severe food insecurity, and 2.69 billion people cannot afford a healthy diet (FAO et al. 2026). These statistics demonstrate that food security can no longer be measured solely by the quantity of food produced. Rather, it must be evaluated through the lens of nutrition, affordability, resilience, sustainability, and equity.
For Southeast Asia, the urgency is even greater. The region faces converging pressures from climate change, rapid urbanization, changing dietary patterns, natural resource degradation, biodiversity loss, and widening socioeconomic inequalities. While ASEAN has achieved significant progress in agricultural production and poverty reduction, millions of people continue to experience food insecurity and malnutrition in its multiple forms. These realities underscore the need to move beyond production-oriented agricultural policies toward integrated agrifood systems approaches that simultaneously improve productivity, nutrition, environmental sustainability, and rural livelihoods (ASEAN 2025; FAO 2025).
The encouraging news is that Southeast Asia is well positioned to accelerate this transformation. The adoption of the ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan (2026–2030) provides a coherent regional framework that closely aligns with the recommendations of SOFI 2026. Both emphasize climate resilience, sustainable agriculture, nutrition security, digital transformation, regional cooperation, and innovation as key pillars of future food systems (ASEAN 2025).
Achieving these ambitions, however, will require stronger investments in agricultural research and development, science-informed policymaking, digital agriculture, climate-smart technologies, resilient food value chains, and human capital development. It will also require closer collaboration among governments, research institutions, universities, development organizations, farmers, civil society, and the private sector.
In this context, SEARCA has a strategic opportunity to serve as a regional catalyst for agrifood systems transformation. By strengthening the science–policy–practice interface, generating evidence for policymaking, advancing digital agriculture, promoting climate-smart innovations, developing future agricultural leaders, and fostering regional collaboration, SEARCA can help ASEAN Member States translate regional commitments into measurable improvements in food security, nutrition, resilience, and inclusive rural development.
Ultimately, achieving food security is no longer simply about producing more food it is about building agrifood systems that nourish people, sustain the planet, and create resilient rural economies. As SOFI 2026 reminds us, transforming food systems is not only essential for ending hunger but also for achieving healthier populations, more prosperous farming communities, and a sustainable future for Southeast Asia and beyond (FAO et al. 2026).
The findings of SOFI 2026 highlight that achieving Zero Hunger in Southeast Asia requires a shift from production-oriented policies toward integrated agrifood systems transformation. For ASEAN Member States, three strategic priorities emerge.
Food security policies should move beyond ensuring adequate calorie availability to improving the affordability and accessibility of healthy diets. Governments should invest in diversified agricultural production, nutrition-sensitive value chains, and food environments that enable consumers to make healthier dietary choices. Integrating nutrition objectives into agricultural planning will simultaneously improve public health, reduce malnutrition in all its forms, and strengthen rural livelihoods (FAO et al. 2026).
Climate resilience should become a central pillar of agricultural development. Scaling climate-smart agriculture, sustainable natural resource management, digital agriculture, and early warning systems will help farmers adapt to climate risks while maintaining productivity and reducing environmental impacts. Regional cooperation on food reserves, climate information, agricultural statistics, and food safety standards will further strengthen ASEAN's resilience to future shocks (ASEAN 2025; ADB 2023).
Achieving agrifood systems transformation requires stronger investments in agricultural research, innovation, digital technologies, and human capital. Institutions such as SEARCA can play a pivotal role by generating evidence, strengthening the science–policy–practice interface, developing future agricultural leaders, and facilitating regional knowledge sharing. Through these efforts, SEARCA can support ASEAN Member States in translating regional commitments into tangible improvements in food security, nutrition, resilience, and sustainable rural development.
Achieving food security is no longer simply about producing more food it is about building agrifood systems that nourish people, sustain the planet, and create resilient rural economies across Southeast Asia and beyond.
Asian Development Bank (ADB). 2024. People and Planet: Addressing the Interlinked Challenges of Climate Change, Poverty and Hunger in Asia and the Pacific. Manila: Asian Development Bank. https://doi.org/10.22617/SPR240043-2
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). 2025. ASEAN Food, Agriculture and Forestry Sectoral Plan 2026–2030 (FAF-SP 2026–2030). Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/Dec25_Final_ASEAN-FAF-SP.pdf
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO). 2026. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2026: Understanding and Addressing the High Costs of Healthy Diets. Rome: FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/63b052f9-f2c1-453b-97a3-1d814facea36
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2025. "ASEAN Ministers Renew Commitment to Advancing the Right to Food in the Region." October 1, 2025. https://www.fao.org/right-to-food/news-and-events/news/news-detail/asean-ministers-renew-commitment-to-advancing-the-right-to-food-in-the-region/en
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2026. Report of the 38th Session of the FAO Regional Conference for Asia and the Pacific (APRC/26/REP). Rome: FAO. https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/ae3d216e-7022-4758-b093-3e6966924069/content
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022. The Future of Smallholder Agriculture in Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2025. Asia and the Pacific Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2025: Accelerating Actions for Agrifood Systems Transformation for Food Security and Better Nutrition. Bangkok: FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
Reuters. 2026. "Global Hunger Declines across Continents but Climate, Trade Risks Loom, UN Says." July 21, 2026.
The Guardian. 2026. "Healthy Diet Too Expensive for One in Three People Globally, UN Report Finds." July 21, 2026.
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